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One or both of the square bracket symbols [ and ] are used in many different contexts in mathematics. 1. Square brackets are occasionally used in especially complex ...

Find the minimum size square capable of bounding n equal squares arranged in any configuration. The first few cases are illustrated above (Friedman). The only packings which ...

"The" square graphs is the cycle graph C_4. It is isomorphic to the complete bipartite graph K_(2,2). Like all cycle graphs, the line graph of C_4 is isomorphic to itself. A ...

The power A^n of a matrix A for n a nonnegative integer is defined as the matrix product of n copies of A, A^n=A...A_()_(n). A matrix to the zeroth power is defined to be the ...

A theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, which Bachet inferred from a lack of a necessary condition being stated by Diophantus. It states that every positive integer can ...

An n×n Latin square is a Latin rectangle with k=n. Specifically, a Latin square consists of n sets of the numbers 1 to n arranged in such a way that no orthogonal (row or ...

The amazing polynomial identity communicated by Euler in a letter to Goldbach on April 12, 1749 (incorrectly given as April 15, 1705--before Euler was born--in Conway and Guy ...

A square-free graph is a graph containing no graph cycles of length four. A simple graph is square-free iff c_4=1/8[Tr(A^4)-2m-2sum_(i!=j)a_(ij)^((2))]=0, where A is the ...

An elongated square pyramid is a solid formed by attaching a square pyramid atop a square prism. Such a solid might also be termed an obelisk (although that term is also used ...

One of the eight convex deltahedra built up from 16 equilateral triangles. It consists of two oppositely faced square pyramids rotated 45 degrees to each other and separated ...