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Every modular system has a modular system basis consisting of a finite number of polynomials. Stated another way, for every order n there exists a nonsingular curve with the ...

A topological space X such that for every closed subset C of X and every point x in X\C, there is a continuous function f:X->[0,1] such that f(x)=0 and f(C)={1}. This is the ...

The tangent space at a point p in an abstract manifold M can be described without the use of embeddings or coordinate charts. The elements of the tangent space are called ...

The span of subspace generated by vectors v_1 and v_2 in V is Span(v_1,v_2)={rv_1+sv_2:r,s in R}. A set of vectors m={v_1,...,v_n} can be tested to see if they span ...

An ascending chain of subspaces of a vector space. If V is an n-dimensional vector space, a flag of V is a filtration V_0 subset V_1 subset ... subset V_r, (1) where all ...

Calabi-Yau spaces are important in string theory, where one model posits the geometry of the universe to consist of a ten-dimensional space of the form M×V, where M is a four ...

Let T be a linear operator on a separable Hilbert space. The spectrum sigma(T) of T is the set of lambda such that (T-lambdaI) is not invertible on all of the Hilbert space, ...

Given a subalgebra A of the algebra B(H) of bounded linear transformations from a Hilbert space H onto itself, the vector v in H is a separating vector for A if the only ...

An ordered vector basisv_1,...,v_n for a finite-dimensional vector space V defines an orientation. Another basis w_i=Av_i gives the same orientation if the matrix A has a ...

The number of regions into which space can be divided by n mutually intersecting spheres is N=1/3n(n^2-3n+8), giving 2, 4, 8, 16, 30, 52, 84, ... (OEIS A046127) for n=1, 2, ...