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The logarithmic integral (in the "American" convention; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Edwards 2001, p. 26), is defined for real x as li(x) = {int_0^x(dt)/(lnt) for 0<x<1; ...

The product of primes p_n#=product_(k=1)^np_k, (1) with p_n the nth prime, is called the primorial function, by analogy with the factorial function. Its logarithm is closely ...

A prime gap of length n is a run of n-1 consecutive composite numbers between two successive primes. Therefore, the difference between two successive primes p_k and p_(k+1) ...

Let x=[a_0;a_1,...]=a_0+1/(a_1+1/(a_2+1/(a_3+...))) (1) be the simple continued fraction of a "generic" real number x, where the numbers a_i are the partial denominator. ...

The Möbius function is a number theoretic function defined by mu(n)={0 if n has one or more repeated prime factors; 1 if n=1; (-1)^k if n is a product of k distinct primes, ...

The alternating harmonic series is the series sum_(k=1)^infty((-1)^(k-1))/k=ln2, which is the special case eta(1) of the Dirichlet eta function eta(z) and also the x=1 case ...

Let S_N(s)=sum_(n=1)^infty[(n^(1/N))]^(-s), (1) where [x] denotes nearest integer function, i.e., the integer closest to x. For s>3, S_2(s) = 2zeta(s-1) (2) S_3(s) = ...

Let a Gram point g_n be called "good" if (-1)^nZ(g_n)>0, and "bad" otherwise (Rosser et al. 1969; Edwards 2001, p. 180). Then the interval between two consecutive good Gram ...

Analytic continuation (sometimes called simply "continuation") provides a way of extending the domain over which a complex function is defined. The most common application is ...

A discontinuity is point at which a mathematical object is discontinuous. The left figure above illustrates a discontinuity in a one-variable function while the right figure ...