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Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with infinite-dimensional vector spaces (mainly function spaces) and mappings between them. The spaces may be of ...

Hyperreal numbers are an extension of the real numbers to include certain classes of infinite and infinitesimal numbers. A hyperreal number x is said to be finite iff |x|<n ...

A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually that observations are the result of chance). ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra. An element a in A is called positive if a=a* and sp(a) subset= R^+, or equivalently if there exists an element b in A such that a=bb^*. For example, ...

The quadratic class number constant is a constant related to the average behavior of class numbers of real quadratic fields. It is given by Q = product_(p)[1-1/(p^2(p+1))] ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra. An element a in A is called self-adjoint if a^*=a. For example, the real functions of the C^*-algebra of C([a,b]) of continuous complex-valued ...

A semialgebraic set is a subset of R^n which is a finite Boolean combination of sets of the form {x^_=(x_1,...,x_n):f(x^_)>0} and {x^_:g(x^_)=0}, where f and g are ...

A sequence s_n^((lambda))(x)=[h(t)]^lambdas_n(x), where s_n(x) is a Sheffer sequence, h(t) is invertible, and lambda ranges over the real numbers. If s_n(x) is an associated ...

Wallis's constant is the real solution (x^3-2x-5)_1=2.0945514815... (OEIS A007493) to the cubic equation x^3-2x-5=0. It was solved by Wallis to illustrate Newton's method for ...

A vector basis of a vector space V is defined as a subset v_1,...,v_n of vectors in V that are linearly independent and span V. Consequently, if (v_1,v_2,...,v_n) is a list ...