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Let a^p+b^p=c^p be a solution to Fermat's last theorem. Then the corresponding Frey curve is y^2=x(x-a^p)(x+b^p). (1) Ribet (1990a) showed that such curves cannot be modular, ...

The golden angle is the angle that divides a full angle in a golden ratio (but measured in the opposite direction so that it measures less than 180 degrees), i.e., GA = ...

The Hadamard product is a representation for the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) as a product over its nontrivial zeros rho, ...

The orthogonal polynomials defined by h_n^((alpha,beta))(x,N)=((-1)^n(N-x-n)_n(beta+x+1)_n)/(n!) ×_3F_2(-n,-x,alpha+N-x; N-x-n,-beta-x-n;1) =((-1)^n(N-n)_n(beta+1)_n)/(n!) ...

Given integers a and b with close to 2n bits each, the half-GCD of a and b is a 2×2 matrix [u v; u^' v^'] with determinant equal to -1 or 1 such that ua+vb=r and ...

An apodization function, also called the Hann function, frequently used to reduce leakage in discrete Fourier transforms. The illustrations above show the Hanning function, ...

A root-finding algorithm based on the iteration formula x_(n+1)=x_n-(f(x_n))/(f^'(x_n)){1+(f(x_n)f^('')(x_n))/(2[f^'(x_n)]^2)}. This method, like Newton's method, has poor ...

The inverse haversine function hav^(-1)(z) is defined by hav^(-1)(z)=2sin^(-1)(sqrt(z)). (1) The inverse haversine is implemented in the Wolfram Language as ...

A right triangle with the two legs (and their corresponding angles) equal. An isosceles right triangle therefore has angles of 45 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. For an ...

The jinc function is defined as jinc(x)=(J_1(x))/x, (1) where J_1(x) is a Bessel function of the first kind, and satisfies lim_(x->0)jinc(x)=1/2. The derivative of the jinc ...