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A formula of first-order logic is said to be in Skolemized form (sometimes also called Skolem standard form or universal form) if it is of the form forall x_1... forall x_nM, ...

The Clebsch diagonal cubic is a cubic algebraic surface given by the equation x_0^3+x_1^3+x_2^3+x_3^3+x_4^3=0, (1) with the added constraint x_0+x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4=0. (2) The ...

A Fermat prime is a Fermat number F_n=2^(2^n)+1 that is prime. Fermat primes are therefore near-square primes. Fermat conjectured in 1650 that every Fermat number is prime ...

A Markov chain is collection of random variables {X_t} (where the index t runs through 0, 1, ...) having the property that, given the present, the future is conditionally ...

There exist a variety of formulas for either producing the nth prime as a function of n or taking on only prime values. However, all such formulas require either extremely ...

A method of numerically integrating ordinary differential equations by using a trial step at the midpoint of an interval to cancel out lower-order error terms. The ...

A root-finding algorithm which converges to a complex root from any starting position. To motivate the formula, consider an nth order polynomial and its derivatives, P_n(x) = ...

A Lucas cube graph of order n is a graph that can be defined based on the n-Fibonacci cube graph by forbidding vertex strings that have a 1 both in the first and last ...

An equation is a mathematical expression stating that two or more quantities are the same as one another, also called an equality, formula, or identity.

A universal sentence is a sentence (i.e., formula of the predicate calculus without free variables) whose variables are universally quantified.