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The graph tensor product, also called the graph cardinal product (Imrich 1998), graph categorical product, graph conjunction, graph direct product (Hammack et al. 2016), ...

The great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 42 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index 81 (Wenninger 1989), Coxeter index 54 (Coxeter et ...

A group G is said to act on a set X when there is a map phi:G×X->X such that the following conditions hold for all elements x in X. 1. phi(e,x)=x where e is the identity ...

Given a square n×n nonsingular integer matrix A, there exists an n×n unimodular matrix U and an n×n matrix H (known as the Hermite normal form of A) such that AU=H. ...

Two mathematical objects are said to be homotopic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. For example, the real line is homotopic to a single point, as is any ...

Two sets A and B are said to be independent if their intersection A intersection B=emptyset, where emptyset is the empty set. For example, {A,B,C} and {D,E} are independent, ...

Let P(z) and Q(z) be univariate polynomials in a complex variable z, and let the polynomial degrees of P and Q satisfy deg(Q)>=deg(P+2). Then int_gamma(P(z))/(Q(z))dz = ...

Every nonplanar graph contains either the utility graph K_(3,3) (i.e., the complete bipartite graph on two sets of three vertices) or the pentatope graph K_5 as a ...

The lower independence number i(G) of a graph G is the minimum size of a maximal independent vertex set in G. The lower indepedence number is equiavlent to the "independent ...

Let P, Q be integers satisfying D=P^2-4Q>0. (1) Then roots of x^2-Px+Q=0 (2) are a = 1/2(P+sqrt(D)) (3) b = 1/2(P-sqrt(D)), (4) so a+b = P (5) ab = 1/4(P^2-D) (6) = Q (7) a-b ...