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An arithmetic series is the sum of a sequence {a_k}, k=1, 2, ..., in which each term is computed from the previous one by adding (or subtracting) a constant d. Therefore, for ...

The term external direct product is used to refer to either the external direct sum of groups under the group operation of multiplication, or over infinitely many spaces in ...

The nth root of the content of the set sum of two sets in n-dimensional Euclidean space is greater than or equal to the sum of the nth roots of the contents of the individual ...

An infinite sequence of positive integers a_i satisfying 1<=a_1<a_2<a_3<... (1) is an A-sequence if no a_k is the sum of two or more distinct earlier terms (Guy 1994). Such ...

Fisher's exact test is a statistical test used to determine if there are nonrandom associations between two categorical variables. Let there exist two such variables X and Y, ...

Generally, a face is a component polygon, polyhedron, or polytope. A two-dimensional face thus has vertices and edges, and can be used to make cells. More formally, a face is ...

The perpendicular distance h from an arc's midpoint to the chord across it, equal to the radius R minus the apothem r, h=R-r. (1) For a regular polygon of side length a, h = ...

The transformation of a sequence a_1, a_2, ... with a_n=sum_(d|n)b_d (1) into the sequence b_1, b_2, ... via the Möbius inversion formula, b_n=sum_(d|n)mu(n/d)a_d. (2) The ...

Augmentation is the dual operation of truncation which replaces the faces of a polyhedron with pyramids of height h (where h may be positive, zero, or negative) having the ...

The first Strehl identity is the binomial sum identity sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^3=sum_(k=0)^n(n; k)^2(2k; n), (Strehl 1993, 1994; Koepf 1998, p. 55), which are the so-called Franel ...