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A graph is a forbidden subgraph if its presence as a subgraph of a given graph means it is not a member of some family of graphs. For example, a bipartite graph is a graph ...

A graph is a forbidden topological minor (also known as a forbidden homeomorphic subgraph) if its presence as a homeomorphic subgraph of a given graph (i.e., there is an ...

A technique in set theory invented by P. Cohen (1963, 1964, 1966) and used to prove that the axiom of choice and continuum hypothesis are independent of one another in ...

A forgetful functor (also called underlying functor) is defined from a category of algebraic gadgets (groups, Abelian groups, modules, rings, vector spaces, etc.) to the ...

A differential k-form can be integrated on an n-dimensional manifold. The basic example is an n-form alpha in the open unit ball in R^n. Since alpha is a top-dimensional ...

In mathematics, a formula is a fact, rule, or principle that is expressed in terms of mathematical symbols. Examples of formulas include equations, equalities, identities, ...

The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

Let (Omega)_(ij) be the resistance distance matrix of a connected graph G on n nodes. Then Foster's theorems state that sum_((i,j) in E(G)))Omega_(ij)=n-1, where E(g) is the ...

An (n,k) fountain is an arrangement of n coins in rows such that exactly k coins are in the bottom row and each coin in the (i+1)st row touches exactly two in the ith row. ...

Given three coins of possibly different sizes which are arranged so that each is tangent to the other two, find the coin which is tangent to the other three coins. The ...