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Let X be a normed space, M and N be algebraically complemented subspaces of X (i.e., M+N=X and M intersection N={0}), pi:X->X/M be the quotient map, phi:M×N->X be the natural ...

Deck transformations, also called covering transformations, are defined for any cover p:A->X. They act on A by homeomorphisms which preserve the projection p. Deck ...

The Lehmer-Mahler is the following integral representation for the Legendre polynomial P_n(x): P_n(costheta) = 1/piint_0^pi(costheta+isinthetacosphi)^ndphi (1) = ...

A modification of Legendre's formula for the prime counting function pi(x). It starts with |_x_| = (1) where |_x_| is the floor function, P_2(x,a) is the number of integers ...

A symmetric polynomial on n variables x_1, ..., x_n (also called a totally symmetric polynomial) is a function that is unchanged by any permutation of its variables. In other ...

Let theta be the angle between two vectors. If 0<theta<pi, the vectors are positively oriented. If pi<theta<2pi, the vectors are negatively oriented. Two vectors in the plane ...

For r and x real, with 0<=arg(sqrt(k^2-tau^2))<pi and 0<=argk<pi, 1/2iint_(-infty)^inftyH_0^((1))(rsqrt(k^2-tau^2))e^(itaux)dtau=(e^(iksqrt(r^2+x^2)))/(sqrt(r^2+x^2)), where ...

For R[n]>-1 and R[z]>0, Pi(z,n) = n^zint_0^1(1-x)^nx^(z-1)dx (1) = (n!)/((z)_(n+1))n^z (2) = B(z,n+1), (3) where (z)_n is the Pochhammer symbol and B(p,q) is the beta ...

The integral 1/(2pi(n+1))int_(-pi)^pif(x){(sin[1/2(n+1)x])/(sin(1/2x))}^2dx which gives the nth Cesàro mean of the Fourier series of f(x).

Consider a symmetric triangle wave T(x) of period 2L. Since the function is odd, a_0 = 0 (1) a_n = 0, (2) and b_n = (3) = (32)/(pi^2n^2)cos(1/4npi)sin^3(1/4npi) (4) = ...