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The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...

The scalar triple product of three vectors A, B, and C is denoted [A,B,C] and defined by [A,B,C] = A·(BxC) (1) = B·(CxA) (2) = C·(AxB) (3) = det(ABC) (4) = |A_1 A_2 A_3; B_1 ...

Let c_1, c_2, and c_3 be the circles through the vertices A_2 and A_3, A_1 and A_3, and A_1 and A_2, respectively, which intersect in the first Brocard point Omega. ...

A singular point of an algebraic curve is a point where the curve has "nasty" behavior such as a cusp or a point of self-intersection (when the underlying field K is taken as ...

A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...

The tangent numbers, also called a zag number, and given by T_n=(2^(2n)(2^(2n)-1)|B_(2n)|)/(2n), (1) where B_n is a Bernoulli number, are numbers that can be defined either ...

A fast boat is overtaking a slower one when fog suddenly sets in. At this point, the boat being pursued changes course, but not speed, and proceeds straight in a new ...

The Wigner 9j-symbols are a generalization of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and Wigner 3j- and 6j-symbols which arises in the coupling of four angular momenta. They can be ...

A symbol consisting of three rational numbers that can be used to describe uniform polyhedra based on how a point C in a spherical triangle can be selected so as to trace the ...

The bound for the number of colors which are sufficient for map coloring on a surface of genus g, gamma(g)=|_1/2(7+sqrt(48g+1))_| is the best possible, where |_x_| is the ...