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A pseudoperfect number, sometimes also called a semiperfect number (Benkoski 1972, Butske et al. 1999), is a positive integer such as 20=1+4+5+10 which is the sum of some (or ...

An n×n Latin square is a Latin rectangle with k=n. Specifically, a Latin square consists of n sets of the numbers 1 to n arranged in such a way that no orthogonal (row or ...

A finite simple group of Lie-type. The following table summarizes the types of twisted Chevalley groups and their respective orders. In the table, q denotes a prime power and ...

The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...

Given a homogeneous linear second-order ordinary differential equation, y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0, (1) call the two linearly independent solutions y_1(x) and y_2(x). Then ...

Adams' method is a numerical method for solving linear first-order ordinary differential equations of the form (dy)/(dx)=f(x,y). (1) Let h=x_(n+1)-x_n (2) be the step ...

An algorithm similar to Neville's algorithm for constructing the Lagrange interpolating polynomial. Let f(x|x_0,x_1,...,x_k) be the unique polynomial of kth polynomial order ...

A branch point whose neighborhood of values wrap around the range a finite number of times p as their complex arguments theta varies from 0 to a multiple of 2pi is called an ...

In a given circle, find an isosceles triangle whose legs pass through two given points inside the circle. This can be restated as: from two points in the plane of a circle, ...

Consider decomposition the factorial n! into multiplicative factors p_k^(b_k) arranged in nondecreasing order. For example, 4! = 3·2^3 (1) = 2·3·4 (2) = 2·2·2·3 (3) and 5! = ...