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The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a discrete Fourier transform algorithm which reduces the number of computations needed for N points from 2N^2 to 2NlgN, where lg is the ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

Several prizes are awarded periodically for outstanding mathematical achievement. There is no Nobel Prize in mathematics, and the most prestigious mathematical award is known ...

The Pratt certificate is a primality certificate based on Fermat's little theorem converse. Prior to the work of Pratt (1975), the Lucas-Lehmer test had been regarded purely ...

A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all ...

Pick three points P=(x_1,y_1), Q=(x_2,y_2), and R=(x_3,y_3) distributed independently and uniformly in a unit disk K (i.e., in the interior of the unit circle). Then the ...

An equichordal point is a point p for which all the chords of a curve C passing through p are of the same length. In other words, p is an equichordal point if, for every ...

Let a_1=1 and define a_(n+1) to be the least integer greater than a_n which cannot be written as the sum of at most h>=2 addends among the terms a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. This ...

Given a map with genus g>0, Heawood showed in 1890 that the maximum number N_u of colors necessary to color a map (the chromatic number) on an unbounded surface is N_u = ...

An obtuse triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is an obtuse angle. (Obviously, only a single angle in a triangle can be obtuse or it wouldn't be a triangle.) A ...