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A set of n magic circles is a numbering of the intersections of the n circles such that the sum over all intersections is the same constant for all circles. The above sets of ...

A Lyapunov function is a scalar function V(y) defined on a region D that is continuous, positive definite, V(y)>0 for all y!=0), and has continuous first-order partial ...

The differential equation describing exponential growth is (dN)/(dt)=rN. (1) This can be integrated directly int_(N_0)^N(dN)/N=int_0^trdt (2) to give ln(N/(N_0))=rt, (3) ...

Given a system of two ordinary differential equations x^. = f(x,y) (1) y^. = g(x,y), (2) let x_0 and y_0 denote fixed points with x^.=y^.=0, so f(x_0,y_0) = 0 (3) g(x_0,y_0) ...

The ascending chain condition, commonly abbreviated "A.C.C.," for a partially ordered set X requires that all increasing sequences in X become eventually constant. A module M ...

In floating-point arithmetic, a biased exponent is the result of adding some constant (called the bias) to the exponent chosen to make the range of the exponent nonnegative. ...

A Banach space X has the approximation property (AP) if, for every epsilon>0 and each compact subset K of X, there is a finite rank operator T in X such that for each x in K, ...

Let sigma(n) be the divisor function. Then lim sup_(n->infty)(sigma(n))/(nlnlnn)=e^gamma, where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. Ramanujan independently discovered a ...

Pairs of points of a line, the product of whose distances from a fixed point is a given constant. This is more concisely defined as a projectivity of period two. If ...

If X is any compact space, let A be a subalgebra of the algebra C(X) over the reals R with binary operations + and ×. Then, if A contains the constant functions and separates ...