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A curve also known as the Gerono lemniscate. It is given by Cartesian coordinates x^4=a^2(x^2-y^2), (1) polar coordinates, r^2=a^2sec^4thetacos(2theta), (2) and parametric ...

Einstein summation is a notational convention for simplifying expressions including summations of vectors, matrices, and general tensors. There are essentially three rules of ...

For an ellipse with parametric equations x = acost (1) y = bsint, (2) the negative pedal curve with respect to the origin has parametric equations x_n = ...

An ellipsoid can be specified parametrically by x = acosusinv (1) y = bsinusinv (2) z = ccosv. (3) The geodesic parameters are then P = sin^2v(b^2cos^2u+a^2sin^2u) (4) Q = ...

The elongated square gyrobicupola nonuniform polyhedron obtained by rotating the bottom third of a small rhombicuboctahedron (Ball and Coxeter 1987, p. 137). It is also ...

An Enriques surface X is a smooth compact complex surface having irregularity q(X)=0 and nontrivial canonical sheaf K_X such that K_X^2=O_X (Endraß). Such surfaces cannot be ...

Through a point K in the plane of a triangle DeltaABC, draw parallelians through a point as illustrated above. Then there exist four points K for which ...

"Escher's solid" is the solid illustrated on the right pedestal in M. C. Escher's Waterfall woodcut (Bool et al. 1982, p. 323). It is obtained by augmenting a rhombic ...

Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

The Euler formula, sometimes also called the Euler identity (e.g., Trott 2004, p. 174), states e^(ix)=cosx+isinx, (1) where i is the imaginary unit. Note that Euler's ...