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The Pythagoras tree is a fractal constructed iteratively from a right triangle with squares erected on each of the sides. Subsequent iterations add additional similar right ...

Given a matrix A, its QR-decomposition is a matrix decomposition of the form A=QR, where R is an upper triangular matrix and Q is an orthogonal matrix, i.e., one satisfying ...

Given a map f:S->T between sets S and T, the map g:T->S is called a right inverse to f provided that f degreesg=id_T, that is, composing f with g from the right gives the ...

Special functions which arise as solutions to second order ordinary differential equations are commonly said to be "of the first kind" if they are nonsingular at the origin, ...

Let p run over all distinct primitive ordered periodic geodesics, and let tau(p) denote the positive length of p, then every even function h(rho) analytic in ...

A sorting algorithm which makes n passes over a set of n elements, in each pass selecting the smallest element and deleting it from the set. This algorithm has running time ...

A commutative Noetherian unit ring having only finitely many maximal ideals. A ring having the same properties except Noetherianity is called quasilocal. If K is a field, the ...

Two figures are said to be similar when all corresponding angles are equal and all distances are increased (or decreased) in the same ratio, called the ratio of magnification ...

Given three mutually tangent circles, there exist exactly two nonintersecting circles which are tangent circles to all three original circles. These are called the inner and ...

A Lie algebra g is solvable when its Lie algebra commutator series, or derived series, g^k vanishes for some k. Any nilpotent Lie algebra is solvable. The basic example is ...