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Given two topological spaces M and N, place an equivalence relationship on the continuous maps f:M->N using homotopies, and write f_1∼f_2 if f_1 is homotopic to f_2. Roughly ...

The illustrations above show a number of hyperbolic tilings, including the heptagonal once related to the Klein quartic. Escher was fond of depicting hyperbolic tilings, ...

An International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a code used to uniquely identify a book together. It also uniquely encodes the book's publisher and includes information about ...

In general, an icosidodecahedron is a 32-faced polyhedron. A number of such solids are illustrated above. "The" (quasiregular) icosidodecahedron is the 32-faced Archimedean ...

Let |A| denote the cardinal number of set A, then it follows immediately that |A union B|=|A|+|B|-|A intersection B|, (1) where union denotes union, and intersection denotes ...

An independent edge set (also called a matching) of a graph G is a subset of the edges such that no two edges in the subset share a vertex of G (Skiena 1990, p. 219). The ...

A sequence whose terms are integers. The most complete printed references for such sequences are Sloane (1973) and its update, Sloane and Plouffe (1995). Neil Sloane ...

The term "integral" can refer to a number of different concepts in mathematics. The most common meaning is the the fundamenetal object of calculus corresponding to summing ...

If an integrable quasiperiodic system is slightly perturbed so that it becomes nonintegrable, only a finite number of n-map cycles remain as a result of mode locking. One ...

An isohedron is a convex polyhedron with symmetries acting transitively on its faces with respect to the center of gravity. Every isohedron has an even number of faces ...