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The icosahedral graph is the Platonic graph whose nodes have the connectivity of the regular icosahedron, as well as the great dodecahedron, great icosahedron Jessen's ...

A strong pseudoprime to a base a is an odd composite number n with n-1=d·2^s (for d odd) for which either a^d=1 (mod n) (1) or a^(d·2^r)=-1 (mod n) (2) for some r=0, 1, ..., ...

Every planar graph (i.e., graph with graph genus 0) has an embedding on a torus. In contrast, toroidal graphs are embeddable on the torus, but not in the plane, i.e., they ...

cos(pi/(10)) = 1/4sqrt(10+2sqrt(5)) (1) cos((3pi)/(10)) = 1/4sqrt(10-2sqrt(5)) (2) cot(pi/(10)) = sqrt(5+2sqrt(5)) (3) cot((3pi)/(10)) = sqrt(5-2sqrt(5)) (4) csc(pi/(10)) = ...

cos(pi/(12)) = 1/4(sqrt(6)+sqrt(2)) (1) cos((5pi)/(12)) = 1/4(sqrt(6)-sqrt(2)) (2) cot(pi/(12)) = 2+sqrt(3) (3) cot((5pi)/(12)) = 2-sqrt(3) (4) csc(pi/(12)) = sqrt(6)+sqrt(2) ...

cos(pi/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)-1) (1) cos((2pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30-6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)+1) (2) cos((4pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))-sqrt(5)+1) (3) ...

cos(pi/(24)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(3))) (1) cos((5pi)/(24)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(3))) (2) cos((7pi)/(24)) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2-sqrt(3))) (3) cos((11pi)/(24)) = ...

cos(pi/(30)) = 1/4sqrt(7+sqrt(5)+sqrt(6(5+sqrt(5)))) (1) cos((7pi)/(30)) = 1/4sqrt(7-sqrt(5)+sqrt(6(5-sqrt(5)))) (2) cos((11pi)/(30)) = 1/4sqrt(7+sqrt(5)-sqrt(6(5+sqrt(5)))) ...

cos(pi/(32)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2)))) (1) cos((3pi)/(32)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2)))) (2) cos((5pi)/(32)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2-sqrt(2)))) (3) ...

The eight Gell-Mann matrices lambda_i, i=1,...,8, are an example of the set of generators of the Lie algebra associated to the special unitary group SU(3). Explicitly, these ...