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Any nontrivial, closed, simple, smooth spherical curve dividing the surface of a sphere into two parts of equal areas has at least four inflection points.

Abstractly, the tensor direct product is the same as the vector space tensor product. However, it reflects an approach toward calculation using coordinates, and indices in ...

A flexagon made with square faces. Gardner (1961) shows how to construct a tri-tetraflexagon, tetra-tetraflexagon, and hexa-tetraflexagon.

Every closed three-manifold with finite fundamental group has a metric of constant positive scalar curvature, and hence is homeomorphic to a quotient S^3/Gamma, where Gamma ...

A four-vector a_mu is said to be timelike if its four-vector norm satisfies a_mua^mu<0. One should note that the four-vector norm is nothing more than a special case of the ...

A graph H is called a topological minor, also known as a homeomorphic subgraph, of a graph G if a graph subdivision of H is isomorphic to a subgraph of G. Every topological ...

Given a complex measure mu, there exists a positive measure denoted |mu| which measures the total variation of mu, also sometimes called simply "total variation." In ...

Let H be a Hilbert space and (e_i)_(i in I) an orthonormal basis for H. The set of all products of two Hilbert-Schmidt operators is denoted N(H), and its elements are called ...

A shortened term for integral transform. Geometrically, if S and T are two transformations, then the similarity transformation TST^(-1) is sometimes called the transform ...

The transitive closure of a binary relation R on a set X is the minimal transitive relation R^' on X that contains R. Thus aR^'b for any elements a and b of X provided that ...