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Let [a_0;a_1,a_2,...] be the simple continued fraction of a "generic" real number, where the numbers a_i are the partial quotients. Then the Khinchin (or Khintchine) harmonic ...

A formula relating the number of polyhedron vertices V, faces F, and polyhedron edges E of a simply connected (i.e., genus 0) polyhedron (or polygon). It was discovered ...

Let S be a nonempty set of real numbers that has an upper bound. Then a number c is called the least upper bound (or the supremum, denoted supS) for S iff it satisfies the ...

A metric space is a set S with a global distance function (the metric g) that, for every two points x,y in S, gives the distance between them as a nonnegative real number ...

A description of an object by properties that are different from those mentioned in its definition, but are equivalent to them. The following list gives a number of examples. ...

A generalization of simple majority voting in which a list of quotas {q_0,...,q_n} specifies, according to the number of votes, how many votes an alternative needs to win ...

A strong pseudoprime to a base a is an odd composite number n with n-1=d·2^s (for d odd) for which either a^d=1 (mod n) (1) or a^(d·2^r)=-1 (mod n) (2) for some r=0, 1, ..., ...

The harmonic mean H(x_1,...,x_n) of n numbers x_i (where i=1, ..., n) is the number H defined by 1/H=1/nsum_(i=1)^n1/(x_i). (1) The harmonic mean of a list of numbers may be ...

nu(x) = int_0^infty(x^tdt)/(Gamma(t+1)) (1) nu(x,alpha) = int_0^infty(x^(alpha+t)dt)/(Gamma(alpha+t+1)), (2) where Gamma(z) is the gamma function (Erdélyi et al. 1981, p. ...

A stack polyomino is a self-avoiding convex polyomino containing two adjacent corners of its minimal bounding rectangle. The number of stack polyominoes with perimeter 2n+4 ...