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Given a nonzero finitely generated module M over a commutative Noetherian local ring R with maximal ideal M and a proper ideal I of R, the Hilbert-Samuel function of M with ...

The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

"The" I graph is the path graph on two vertices: P_2. An I-graph I(n,j,k) for 1<=j,k<n and j,k!=n/2 is a generalization of a generalized Petersen graph and has vertex set ...

An invariant set S subset R^n is said to be a C^r (r>=1) invariant manifold if S has the structure of a C^r differentiable manifold (Wiggins 1990, p. 14). When stable and ...

Some elements of a group G acting on a space X may fix a point x. These group elements form a subgroup called the isotropy group, defined by G_x={g in G:gx=x}. For example, ...

Writing a Fourier series as f(theta)=1/2a_0+sum_(n=1)^(m-1)sinc((npi)/(2m))[a_ncos(ntheta)+b_nsin(ntheta)], where m is the last term, reduces the Gibbs phenomenon. The ...

Landau (1911) proved that for any fixed x>1, sum_(0<|I[rho]|<=T)x^rho=-T/(2pi)Lambda(x)+O(lnT) as T->infty, where the sum runs over the nontrivial Riemann zeta function zeros ...

The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

A graph Gamma is locally Petersen if, for each point t of Gamma, the graph induced by Gamma on all points adjacent to t (i.e., the neighborhood graph) is isomorphic to the ...

The mean distance of a (connected) graph is the mean of the elements of its graph distance matrix. Closed forms for some classes of named graphs are given in the following ...