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The trigonometric formulas for pi/5 can be derived using the multiple-angle formula sin(5theta)=5sintheta-20sin^3theta+16sin^5theta. (1) Letting theta=pi/5 and x=sintheta ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/9 radians for n an integer not divisible by 3 (e.g., 40 degrees and 80 degrees) cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root ...

A vector Laplacian can be defined for a vector A by del ^2A=del (del ·A)-del x(del xA), (1) where the notation ✡ is sometimes used to distinguish the vector Laplacian from ...

The Yff hyperbola is the hyperbola given parametrically by (1) The trilinear equation is complicated expression with coefficients up to degree 10 in the side lengths. This ...

The curl of a vector field, denoted curl(F) or del xF (the notation used in this work), is defined as the vector field having magnitude equal to the maximum "circulation" at ...

Erfc is the complementary error function, commonly denoted erfc(z), is an entire function defined by erfc(z) = 1-erf(z) (1) = 2/(sqrt(pi))int_z^inftye^(-t^2)dt. (2) It is ...

A matrix with 0 determinant whose determinant becomes nonzero when any element on or below the diagonal is changed from 0 to 1. An example is M=[1 -1 0 0; 0 0 -1 0; 1 1 1 -1; ...

The duplication formula for Rogers L-function follows from Abel's functional equation and is given by 1/2L(x^2)=L(x)-L(x/(1+x)).

A modified set of Chebyshev polynomials defined by a slightly different generating function. They arise in the development of four-dimensional spherical harmonics in angular ...

The following integral transform relationship, known as the Abel transform, exists between two functions f(x) and g(t) for 0<alpha<1, f(x) = int_0^x(g(t)dt)/((x-t)^alpha) (1) ...