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Surrogate data are artificially generated data which mimic statistical properties of real data. Isospectral surrogates have identical power spectra as real data but with ...

The tail of a vector AB^-> is the initial point A, i.e., the point at which the vector originates. The tails of a statistical distribution with probability density function ...

Given a unit line segment [0,1], pick two points at random on it. Call the first point x_1 and the second point x_2. Find the distribution of distances d between points. The ...

A polynomial having random coefficients.

Marsaglia (1972) has given a simple method for selecting points with a uniform distribution on the surface of a 4-sphere. This is accomplished by picking two pairs of points ...

The nth raw moment mu_n^' (i.e., moment about zero) of a distribution P(x) is defined by mu_n^'=<x^n>, (1) where <f(x)>={sumf(x)P(x) discrete distribution; intf(x)P(x)dx ...

A Poisson process is a process satisfying the following properties: 1. The numbers of changes in nonoverlapping intervals are independent for all intervals. 2. The ...

For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

An n×n-matrix A is said to be diagonalizable if it can be written on the form A=PDP^(-1), where D is a diagonal n×n matrix with the eigenvalues of A as its entries and P is a ...