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The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

The circle map is a one-dimensional map which maps a circle onto itself theta_(n+1)=theta_n+Omega-K/(2pi)sin(2pitheta_n), (1) where theta_(n+1) is computed mod 1 and K is a ...

The quantum electrodynamical law which applies to spin-1/2 particles and is the relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation. In 3+1 dimensions (three space ...

A letter of the alphabet drawn with doubled vertical strokes is called doublestruck, or sometimes blackboard bold (because doublestruck characters provide a means of ...

A second-order partial differential equation, i.e., one of the form Au_(xx)+2Bu_(xy)+Cu_(yy)+Du_x+Eu_y+F=0, (1) is called elliptic if the matrix Z=[A B; B C] (2) is positive ...

A method for solving an equation by approximating continuous quantities as a set of quantities at discrete points, often regularly spaced into a so-called grid or mesh. ...

A number n is called k-hyperperfect if n = 1+ksum_(i)d_i (1) = 1+k[sigma(n)-n-1], (2) where sigma(n) is the divisor function and the summation is over the proper divisors ...

There are at least three theorems known as Jensen's theorem. The first states that, for a fixed vector v=(v_1,...,v_m), the function |v|_p=(sum_(i=1)^m|v_i|^p)^(1/p) is a ...

Given a square complex or real matrix A, a matrix norm ||A|| is a nonnegative number associated with A having the properties 1. ||A||>0 when A!=0 and ||A||=0 iff A=0, 2. ...

The Feigenbaum constant delta is a universal constant for functions approaching chaos via period doubling. It was discovered by Feigenbaum in 1975 (Feigenbaum 1979) while ...