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The process of computing or obtaining an integral. A more archaic term for integration is quadrature.

The quadrifolium is the 4-petalled rose curve having n=2. It has polar equation r=asin(2theta) (1) and Cartesian equation (x^2+y^2)^3=4a^2x^2y^2. (2) The area of the ...

A colossally abundant number is a positive integer n for which there is a positive exponent epsilon such that (sigma(n))/(n^(1+epsilon))>=(sigma(k))/(k^(1+epsilon)) for all ...

An operation on rings and modules. Given a commutative unit ring R, and a subset S of R, closed under multiplication, such that 1 in S, and 0 not in S, the localization of R ...

The Pauli matrices, also called the Pauli spin matrices, are complex matrices that arise in Pauli's treatment of spin in quantum mechanics. They are defined by sigma_1 = ...

The McLaughlin graph is a 112-regular graph on 275 nodes and 15400 edges that can be constructed from the Witt design. It is distance-regular with intersection array ...

The Wiener-Hopf method is a powerful technique which enables certain linear partial differential equations subject to boundary conditions on semi-infinite domains to be ...

A figurate number of the form P_n^((4))=1/6n(n+1)(2n+1), (1) corresponding to a configuration of points which form a square pyramid, is called a square pyramidal number (or ...

The Gauss-Bonnet formula has several formulations. The simplest one expresses the total Gaussian curvature of an embedded triangle in terms of the total geodesic curvature of ...

Let O be an incidence geometry, i.e., a set with a symmetric, reflexive binary relation I. Let e and f be elements of O. Let an incidence plane be an incidence geometry whose ...