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Special functions which arise as solutions to second order ordinary differential equations are commonly said to be "of the first kind" if they are nonsingular at the origin, ...

The semigroup algebra K[S], where K is a field and S a semigroup, is formally defined in the same way as the group algebra K[G]. Similarly, a semigroup ring R[S] is a ...

A sequence is an ordered set of mathematical objects. Sequences of object are most commonly denoted using braces. For example, the symbol {2n}_(n=1)^infty denotes the ...

Squarefree factorization is a first step in many factoring algorithms. It factors nonsquarefree polynomials in terms of squarefree factors that are relatively prime. It can ...

A subset of an algebraic variety which is itself a variety. Every variety is a subvariety of itself; other subvarieties are called proper subvarieties. A sphere of the ...

The tetranacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by T_0=0, T_1=1, T_2=1, T_3=2, and the recurrence relation T_n=T_(n-1)+T_(n-2)+T_(n-3)+T_(n-4) ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/11 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 11 is not a ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/13 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 13 is not a ...

There exist points A^', B^', and C^' on segments BC, CA, and AB of a triangle, respectively, such that A^'C+CB^'=B^'A+AC^'=C^'B+BA^' (1) and the lines AA^', BB^', CC^' ...

A unique factorization domain, called UFD for short, is any integral domain in which every nonzero noninvertible element has a unique factorization, i.e., an essentially ...