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A group action G×X->X is transitive if it possesses only a single group orbit, i.e., for every pair of elements x and y, there is a group element g such that gx=y. In this ...

The trapezo-rhombic dodecahedron, also called the rhombo-trapezoidal dodecahedron, is a general dodecahedron consisting of six identical rhombi and six identical isosceles ...

Four circles may be drawn through an arbitrary point P on a torus. The first two circles are obvious: one is in the plane of the torus and the second perpendicular to it. The ...

The de Longchamps point L is the reflection of the orthocenter H about the circumcenter O of a triangle. It has triangle center function alpha=cosA-cosBcosC, (1) and is ...

An nth-rank tensor in m-dimensional space is a mathematical object that has n indices and m^n components and obeys certain transformation rules. Each index of a tensor ranges ...

The n-centipede graph, n-centipede tree, n-comb graph (Seoud and Youssef 2017), or simply "n-centipede," is the tree on 2n nodes obtained by joining the bottoms of n copies ...

The chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of G so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color (Skiena 1990, p. ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

An n-step Fibonacci sequence {F_k^((n))}_(k=1)^infty is defined by letting F_k^((n))=0 for k<=0, F_1^((n))=F_2^((n))=1, and other terms according to the linear recurrence ...

The finite difference is the discrete analog of the derivative. The finite forward difference of a function f_p is defined as Deltaf_p=f_(p+1)-f_p, (1) and the finite ...