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A Cartan matrix is a square integer matrix who elements (A_(ij)) satisfy the following conditions. 1. A_(ij) is an integer, one of {-3,-2,-1,0,2}. 2. A_(ii)=2 the diagonal ...

The incidence matrix of a graph gives the (0,1)-matrix which has a row for each vertex and column for each edge, and (v,e)=1 iff vertex v is incident upon edge e (Skiena ...

A square matrix A is antihermitian if it satisfies A^(H)=-A, (1) where A^(H) is the adjoint. For example, the matrix [i 1+i 2i; -1+i 5i 3; 2i -3 0] (2) is an antihermitian ...

A (2n)×(2n) complex matrix A in C^(2n×2n) is said to be Hamiltonian if J_nA=(J_nA)^(H), (1) where J_n in R^(2n×2n) is the matrix of the form J_n=[0 I_n; I_n 0], (2) I_n is ...

Let (a)_i be a sequence of complex numbers and let the lower triangular matrices F=(f)_(nk) and G=(g)_(nk) be defined as f_(nk)=(product_(j=k)^(n-1)(a_j+k))/((n-k)!) and ...

A matrix A for which A^(H)=A^(T)^_=A, where the conjugate transpose is denoted A^(H), A^(T) is the transpose, and z^_ is the complex conjugate. If a matrix is self-adjoint, ...

The eigenvalues of a matrix A are called its spectrum, and are denoted lambda(A). If lambda(A)={lambda_1,...,lambda_n}, then the determinant of A is given by ...

Given a square complex or real matrix A, a matrix norm ||A|| is a nonnegative number associated with A having the properties 1. ||A||>0 when A!=0 and ||A||=0 iff A=0, 2. ...

A square matrix is called Hermitian if it is self-adjoint. Therefore, a Hermitian matrix A=(a_(ij)) is defined as one for which A=A^(H), (1) where A^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

The (n+1)×(n+1) tridiagonal matrix (also called the Clement matrix) defined by S_n=[0 n 0 0 ... 0; 1 0 n-1 0 ... 0; 0 2 0 n-2 ... 0; | | ... ... ... |; 0 0 0 n-1 0 1; 0 0 0 0 ...