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Hadamard matrices H_n can be constructed using finite field GF(p^m) when p=4l-1 and m is odd. Pick a representation r relatively prime to p. Then by coloring white ...

A quadratic form involving n real variables x_1, x_2, ..., x_n associated with the n×n matrix A=a_(ij) is given by Q(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)=a_(ij)x_ix_j, (1) where Einstein ...

Let A be an n×n real square matrix with n>=2 such that |sum_(i=1)^nsum_(j=1)^na_(ij)s_it_j|<=1 (1) for all real numbers s_1, s_2, ..., s_n and t_1, t_2, ..., t_n such that ...

The Walsh functions consist of trains of square pulses (with the allowed states being -1 and 1) such that transitions may only occur at fixed intervals of a unit time step, ...

The word adjoint has a number of related meanings. In linear algebra, it refers to the conjugate transpose and is most commonly denoted A^(H). The analogous concept applied ...

For a general two-player zero-sum game, max_(i<=m)min_(j<=n)a_(ij)<=min_(j<=n)max_(i<=m)a_(ij). If the two are equal, then write ...

The global clustering coefficient C of a graph G is the ratio of the number of closed trails of length 3 to the number of paths of length two in G. Let A be the adjacency ...

The circumference of a graph is the length of any longest cycle in a graph. Hamiltonian graphs on n>1 vertices therefore have circumference of n. For a cyclic graph, the ...

The mean distance of a (connected) graph is the mean of the elements of its graph distance matrix. Closed forms for some classes of named graphs are given in the following ...

The pathwidth of a graph G, also called the interval thickness, vertex separation number, and node searching number, is one less than the size of the largest set in a path ...