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A pair of elements (p_i,p_j) is called an inversion in a permutation p if i>j and p_i<p_j (Skiena 1990, p. 27; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 69). For example, in the ...

That portion of geometry dealing with solids, as opposed to plane geometry. Solid geometry is concerned with polyhedra, spheres, three-dimensional solids, lines in ...

In general, a topological index, sometimes also known as a graph-theoretic index, is a numerical invariant of a chemical graph (Plavšić et al. 1993). Particular topological ...

Multiple series generalizations of basic hypergeometric series over the unitary groups U(n+1). The fundamental theorem of U(n) series takes c_1, ..., c_n and x_1, ..., x_n as ...

The wedge product is the product in an exterior algebra. If alpha and beta are differential k-forms of degrees p and q, respectively, then alpha ^ beta=(-1)^(pq)beta ^ alpha. ...

The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...

When discussing a rotation, there are two possible conventions: rotation of the axes, and rotation of the object relative to fixed axes. In R^2, consider the matrix that ...

Every complex matrix A can be broken into a Hermitian part A_H=1/2(A+A^(H)) (i.e., A_H is a Hermitian matrix) and an antihermitian part A_(AH)=1/2(A-A^(H)) (i.e., A_(AH) is ...

An asymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is not symmetric, i.e., a matrix A such that A^(T)!=A, where A^(T) denotes the transpose. An asymmetric matrix therefore ...

Let the characteristic polynomial of an n×n complex matrix A be written in the form P(lambda) = |lambdaI-A| (1) = ...