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The Gall orthographic projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallel of 45 degrees.

Let (L,<=) be any complete lattice. Suppose f:L->L is monotone increasing (or isotone), i.e., for all x,y in L, x<=y implies f(x)<=f(y). Then the set of all fixed points of f ...

The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

A recursive sequence {f(n)}_n, also known as a recurrence sequence, is a sequence of numbers f(n) indexed by an integer n and generated by solving a recurrence equation. The ...

A function is a relation that uniquely associates members of one set with members of another set. More formally, a function from A to B is an object f such that every a in A ...

The equations are x = 2/(sqrt(pi(4+pi)))(lambda-lambda_0)(1+costheta) (1) y = 2sqrt(pi/(4+pi))sintheta, (2) where theta is the solution to ...

The equations are x = ((lambda-lambda_0)(1+costheta))/(sqrt(2+pi)) (1) y = (2theta)/(sqrt(2+pi)), (2) where theta is the solution to theta+sintheta=(1+1/2pi)sinphi. (3) This ...

The Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallel phi_s=0 degrees.

The north pole is the point on a sphere with maximum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

The sinusoidal projection is an equal-area projection given by the transformation x = (lambda-lambda_0)cosphi (1) y = phi. (2) The inverse formulas are phi = y (3) lambda = ...