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Clausen's integral, sometimes called the log sine integral (Borwein and Bailey 2003, p. 88) is the n=2 case of the S_2 Clausen function Cl_2(theta) = ...

erf(z) is the "error function" encountered in integrating the normal distribution (which is a normalized form of the Gaussian function). It is an entire function defined by ...

An isolated singularity is a singularity for which there exists a (small) real number epsilon such that there are no other singularities within a neighborhood of radius ...

Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the ancient Greek alphabet. As an upper case letter (Sigma), it is used as a symbol for sums and series. As a lower case letter (sigma) it ...

The kernel of a group homomorphism f:G-->G^' is the set of all elements of G which are mapped to the identity element of G^'. The kernel is a normal subgroup of G, and always ...

Deciding whether a given Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form has an assignment that makes the formula "true." In 1971, Cook showed that the problem is NP-complete.

A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...

An auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second-highest bid. This variation over the normal bidding procedure is supposed to encourage bidders to bid the ...

The negabinary representation of a number n is its representation in base -2 (i.e., base negative 2). It is therefore given by the coefficients a_na_(n-1)...a_1a_0 in n = ...

A tree which is not rooted, i.e., a normal tree with no node singled out for special treatment (Skiena 1990, p. 107). Free trees are sometimes known instead as unrooted trees ...