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Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, also called the Gram-Schmidt process, is a procedure which takes a nonorthogonal set of linearly independent functions and constructs an ...

Let |A| denote the cardinal number of set A, then it follows immediately that |A union B|=|A|+|B|-|A intersection B|, (1) where union denotes union, and intersection denotes ...

The inverse cosecant is the multivalued function csc^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arccscz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Spanier and Oldham 1987, p. ...

The inverse hyperbolic cosecant csch^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 481), sometimes called the area hyperbolic cosecant (Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 271) and sometimes denoted ...

The inverse hyperbolic sine sinh^(-1)z (Beyer 1987, p. 181; Zwillinger 1995, p. 481), sometimes called the area hyperbolic sine (Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 264) is the ...

The Jacobi polynomials, also known as hypergeometric polynomials, occur in the study of rotation groups and in the solution to the equations of motion of the symmetric top. ...

Landau's problems are the four "unattackable" problems mentioned by Landau in the 1912 Fifth Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge, namely: 1. The Goldbach conjecture, 2. ...

The Lerch transcendent is generalization of the Hurwitz zeta function and polylogarithm function. Many sums of reciprocal powers can be expressed in terms of it. It is ...

The Motzkin numbers enumerate various combinatorial objects. Donaghey and Shapiro (1977) give 14 different manifestations of these numbers. In particular, they give the ...

A sieving procedure that can be used in conjunction with Dixon's factorization method to factor large numbers n. Pick values of r given by r=|_sqrt(n)_|+k, (1) where k=1, 2, ...