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Find two distinct sets of integers {a_1,...,a_n} and {b_1,...,b_n}, such that for k=1, ..., m, sum_(i=1)^na_i^k=sum_(i=1)^nb_i^k. (1) The Prouhet-Tarry-Escott problem is ...

A second-order algebraic surface given by the general equation (1) Quadratic surfaces are also called quadrics, and there are 17 standard-form types. A quadratic surface ...

A rose curve, also called Grandi's rose or the multifolium, is a curve which has the shape of a petalled flower. This curve was named rhodonea by the Italian mathematician ...

When discussing a rotation, there are two possible conventions: rotation of the axes, and rotation of the object relative to fixed axes. In R^2, consider the matrix that ...

A twin Pythagorean triple is a Pythagorean triple (a,b,c) for which two values are consecutive integers. By definition, twin triplets are therefore primitive triples. Of the ...

A weakly binary tree is a planted tree in which all nonroot graph vertices are adjacent to at most three graph vertices. Let g(z)=sum_(i=0)^inftyg_iz^i, (1) be the generating ...

The term "cylinder" has a number of related meanings. In its most general usage, the word "cylinder" refers to a solid bounded by a closed generalized cylinder (a.k.a. ...

An Eisenstein series with half-period ratio tau and index r is defined by G_r(tau)=sum^'_(m=-infty)^inftysum^'_(n=-infty)^infty1/((m+ntau)^r), (1) where the sum sum^(') ...

A fixed point is a point that does not change upon application of a map, system of differential equations, etc. In particular, a fixed point of a function f(x) is a point x_0 ...

The logarithmic integral (in the "American" convention; Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Edwards 2001, p. 26), is defined for real x as li(x) = {int_0^x(dt)/(lnt) for 0<x<1; ...