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Percolation theory deals with fluid flow (or any other similar process) in random media. If the medium is a set of regular lattice points, then there are two main types of ...

Consider the plane figure obtained by drawing each diagonal in a regular polygon with n vertices. If each point of intersection is associated with a node and diagonals are ...

An ambiguous figure in which the brain switches between seeing a rabbit and a duck. The duck-rabbit was "originally noted" by American psychologist Joseph Jastrow (Jastrow ...

Let the number of random walks on a d-D hypercubic lattice starting at the origin which never land on the same lattice point twice in n steps be denoted c_d(n). The first few ...

Let DeltaABC be a triangle and D a point on the side BC. Let I be the incenter, P the center of the circle tangent to the circumcircle and segments AD and BD, Q the center of ...

A unit circle is a circle of unit radius, i.e., of radius 1. The unit circle plays a significant role in a number of different areas of mathematics. For example, the ...

A pair of closed form functions (F,G) is said to be a Wilf-Zeilberger pair if F(n+1,k)-F(n,k)=G(n,k+1)-G(n,k). (1) The Wilf-Zeilberger formalism provides succinct proofs of ...

A graph G on more than two vertices is said to be k-connected (or k-vertex connected, or k-point connected) if there does not exist a vertex cut of size k-1 whose removal ...

Fermat's last theorem is a theorem first proposed by Fermat in the form of a note scribbled in the margin of his copy of the ancient Greek text Arithmetica by Diophantus. The ...

Scan the decimal expansion of a constant (including any digits to the left of the decimal point) until all n-digit strings have been seen (including 0-padded strings). The ...