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The Riemann-Siegel formula is a formula discovered (but not published) by Riemann for computing an asymptotic formula for the Riemann-Siegel function theta(t). The formula ...

A simple directed graph is a directed graph having no multiple edges or graph loops (corresponding to a binary adjacency matrix with 0s on the diagonal). The number of simple ...

A sum-free set S is a set for which the intersection of S and the sumset S+S is empty. For example, the sum-free sets of {1,2,3} are emptyset, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,3}, and ...

The conjugate gradient method can be viewed as a special variant of the Lanczos method for positive definite symmetric systems. The minimal residual method and symmetric LQ ...

The best known packings of equilateral triangles into an equilateral triangle are illustrated above for the first few cases (Friedman). The best known packings of equilateral ...

A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction. It yields true if exactly one (but not both) of two conditions is true. The XOR operation does ...

Chess is a two-player board game believed to have been played in India as early as the sixth century AD. In different parts of this world, different chess games are played. ...

For a right triangle with legs a and b and hypotenuse c, a^2+b^2=c^2. (1) Many different proofs exist for this most fundamental of all geometric theorems. The theorem can ...

The 24-cell is a finite regular four-dimensional polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,4,3}. It is also known as the hyperdiamond or icositetrachoron, and is composed of 24 ...

The binomial distribution gives the discrete probability distribution P_p(n|N) of obtaining exactly n successes out of N Bernoulli trials (where the result of each Bernoulli ...