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Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

The sinc function sinc(x), also called the "sampling function," is a function that arises frequently in signal processing and the theory of Fourier transforms. The full name ...

It is possible to perform multiplication of large numbers in (many) fewer operations than the usual brute-force technique of "long multiplication." As discovered by Karatsuba ...

The improvement of the convergence properties of a series, also called convergence acceleration or accelerated convergence, such that a series reaches its limit to within ...

The binomial distribution gives the discrete probability distribution P_p(n|N) of obtaining exactly n successes out of N Bernoulli trials (where the result of each Bernoulli ...

erf(z) is the "error function" encountered in integrating the normal distribution (which is a normalized form of the Gaussian function). It is an entire function defined by ...

The Gauss-Kuzmin distribution is the distribution of occurrences of a positive integer k in the continued fraction of a random (or "generic") real number. Consider xi_n ...

The class of all regular sequences of particularly well-behaved functions equivalent to a given regular sequence. A distribution is sometimes also called a "generalized ...

The Jack polynomials are a family of multivariate orthogonal polynomials dependent on a positive parameter alpha. Orthogonality of the Jack polynomials is proved in Macdonald ...

An orthogonal coordinate system is a system of curvilinear coordinates in which each family of surfaces intersects the others at right angles. Orthogonal coordinates ...