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Two mathematical objects are said to be homotopic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. For example, the real line is homotopic to a single point, as is any ...

An identity graph, sometimes also known as an asymmetric graph or rigid graph (Albertson and Collins 1996), is a graph possessing a single graph automorphism. The numbers of ...

An interval is a connected portion of the real line. If the endpoints a and b are finite and are included, the interval is called closed and is denoted [a,b]. If the ...

The lattice method is an alternative to long multiplication for numbers. In this approach, a lattice is first constructed, sized to fit the numbers being multiplied. If we ...

A linear transformation between two vector spaces V and W is a map T:V->W such that the following hold: 1. T(v_1+v_2)=T(v_1)+T(v_2) for any vectors v_1 and v_2 in V, and 2. ...

The product C of two matrices A and B is defined as c_(ik)=a_(ij)b_(jk), (1) where j is summed over for all possible values of i and k and the notation above uses the ...

If r is an algebraic number of degree n, then the totality of all expressions that can be constructed from r by repeated additions, subtractions, multiplications, and ...

A (general) octahedron is a polyhedron having eight faces. Examples include the 4-trapezohedron, augmented triangular prism (Johnson solid J_(49)), bislit cube, Dürer solid, ...

A polyhedron compound is an arrangement of a number of interpenetrating polyhedra, either all the same or of several distinct types, usually having visually attractive ...

A quadratic form involving n real variables x_1, x_2, ..., x_n associated with the n×n matrix A=a_(ij) is given by Q(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)=a_(ij)x_ix_j, (1) where Einstein ...