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Let X be a set of v>=3 elements together with a set B of 3-subset (triples) of X such that every 2-subset of X occurs in exactly one triple of B. Then B is called a Steiner ...

The stomachion is a 14-piece dissection puzzle similar to tangrams. It is described in fragmentary manuscripts attributed to Archimedes as noted by Magnus Ausonius (310-395 ...

The theorem, originally conjectured by Berge (1960, 1961), that a graph is perfect iff neither the graph nor its graph complement contains an odd graph cycle of length at ...

The successive overrelaxation method (SOR) is a method of solving a linear system of equations Ax=b derived by extrapolating the Gauss-Seidel method. This extrapolation takes ...

The word "surface" is an important term in mathematics and is used in many ways. The most common and straightforward use of the word is to denote a two-dimensional ...

Surface area is the area of a given surface. Roughly speaking, it is the "amount" of a surface (i.e., it is proportional to the amount of paint needed to cover it), and has ...

A symmetric polynomial on n variables x_1, ..., x_n (also called a totally symmetric polynomial) is a function that is unchanged by any permutation of its variables. In other ...

Let DeltaABC be a triangle and D a point on the side BC. Let I be the incenter, P the center of the circle tangent to the circumcircle and segments AD and BD, Q the center of ...

A theorem is a statement that can be demonstrated to be true by accepted mathematical operations and arguments. In general, a theorem is an embodiment of some general ...

A transpose of a doubly indexed object is the object obtained by replacing all elements a_(ij) with a_(ji). For a second-tensor rank tensor a_(ij), the tensor transpose is ...