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A multiple of 2. The word should really be something like "bicade" (by analogy with decade) but the "oct" embedded in the stem of the word derives historically to the fact ...

The only linear associative algebra in which the coordinates are real numbers and products vanish only if one factor is zero are the field of real numbers, the field of ...

The structure factor S_Gamma of a discrete set Gamma is the Fourier transform of delta-scatterers of equal strengths on all points of Gamma, S_Gamma(k)=intsum_(x in ...

Any linear combination of real spherical harmonics A_lP_l(costheta)+sum_(m=1)^l[A_l^mcos(mphi)+B_l^msin(mphi)]P_l^m(costheta) for l fixed whose sum is not premultiplied by a ...

"Analysis of Variance." A statistical test for heterogeneity of means by analysis of group variances. ANOVA is implemented as ANOVA[data] in the Wolfram Language package ...

Bessel's correction is the factor (N-1)/N in the relationship between the variance sigma and the expectation values of the sample variance, <s^2>=(N-1)/Nsigma^2, (1) where ...

A rational function P(x)/Q(x) can be rewritten using what is known as partial fraction decomposition. This procedure often allows integration to be performed on each term ...

Ruffini's rule a shortcut method for dividing a polynomial by a linear factor of the form x-a which can be used in place of the standard long division algorithm. This method ...

For a diagonal metric tensor g_(ij)=g_(ii)delta_(ij), where delta_(ij) is the Kronecker delta, the scale factor for a parametrization x_1=f_1(q_1,q_2,...,q_n), ...

For an integer n>=2, let lpf(n) denote the least prime factor of n. A pair of integers (x,y) is called a twin peak if 1. x<y, 2. lpf(x)=lpf(y), 3. For all z, x<z<y implies ...