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The lemniscate functions arise in rectifying the arc length of the lemniscate. The lemniscate functions were first studied by Jakob Bernoulli and Giulio Fagnano. A historical ...

Reciprocation is an incidence-preserving transformation in which points are transformed into their polars. A projective geometry-like duality principle holds for ...

In logic, the term "homomorphism" is used in a manner similar to but a bit different from its usage in abstract algebra. The usage in logic is a special case of a "morphism" ...

A convex polyomino (sometimes called a "convex polygon") is a polyomino whose perimeter is equal to that of its minimal bounding box (Bousquet-Mélou et al. 1999). ...

A one-person game played on a rectangular lattice of lamps which can be turned on and off. A move consists of flipping a "switch" inside one of the squares, thereby toggling ...

Given two circles with one interior to the other, if small tangent circles can be inscribed around the region between the two circles such that the final circle is tangent to ...

Bailey's transformation is the very general hypergeometric transformation (1) where k=1+2a-b-c-d, and the parameters are subject to the restriction b+c+d+e+f+g-m=2+3a (2) ...

A real-valued stochastic process {B(t):t>=0} is a Brownian motion which starts at x in R if the following properties are satisfied: 1. B(0)=x. 2. For all times ...

A coordinate system obtained by inversion of the bicyclide coordinates. They are given by the transformation equations x = Lambda/(aUpsilon)snmudnnucospsi (1) y = ...

A special point which usually has some symmetric placement with respect to points on a curve or in a solid. The center of a circle is equidistant from all points on the ...