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The spherical harmonics form a complete orthogonal system, so an arbitrary real function f(theta,phi) can be expanded in terms of complex spherical harmonics by ...

A path composed of connected horizontal and vertical line segments, each passing between adjacent lattice points. A lattice path is therefore a sequence of points P_0, P_1, ...

A nonnegative measurable function f is called Lebesgue integrable if its Lebesgue integral intfdmu is finite. An arbitrary measurable function is integrable if f^+ and f^- ...

A Lehmer number is a number generated by a generalization of a Lucas sequence. Let alpha and beta be complex numbers with alpha+beta = sqrt(R) (1) alphabeta = Q, (2) where Q ...

The limit test, also sometimes known as the nth term test, says that if lima_n!=0 or this limit does not exist as n tends to infinity, then the series suma_n does not ...

A linear equation is an algebraic equation of the form y=mx+b involving only a constant and a first-order (linear) term, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. The ...

The function z=f(x)=ln(x/(1-x)). (1) This function has an inflection point at x=1/2, where f^('')(x)=(2x-1)/(x^2(x-1)^2)=0. (2) Applying the logit transformation to values ...

The longest increasing scattered subsequence is the longest subsequence of increasing terms, where intervening nonincreasing terms may be dropped. Finding the largest ...

The longest increasing (contiguous) subsequence of a given sequence is the subsequence of increasing terms containing the largest number of elements. For example, the longest ...

A sequence of random variates X_0, X_1, ... with finite means such that the conditional expectation of X_(n+1) given X_0, X_1, X_2, ..., X_n is equal to X_n, i.e., ...