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The value of the 2^0 bit in a binary number. For the sequence of numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., the least significant bits are therefore the alternating sequence 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...

n vectors X_1, X_2, ..., X_n are linearly dependent iff there exist scalars c_1, c_2, ..., c_n, not all zero, such that sum_(i=1)^nc_iX_i=0. (1) If no such scalars exist, ...

The term "loop" has a number of meanings in mathematics. Most simply, a loop is a closed curve whose initial and final points coincide in a fixed point p known as the ...

Mann's theorem is a theorem widely circulated as the "alpha-beta conjecture" that was subsequently proven by Mann (1942). It states that if A and B are sets of integers each ...

Maximum likelihood, also called the maximum likelihood method, is the procedure of finding the value of one or more parameters for a given statistic which makes the known ...

Polynomials m_k(x;beta,c) which form the Sheffer sequence for g(t) = ((1-c)/(1-ce^t))^beta (1) f(t) = (1-e^t)/(c^(-1)-e^t) (2) and have generating function ...

Let a module M in an integral domain D_1 for R(sqrt(D)) be expressed using a two-element basis as M=[xi_1,xi_2], where xi_1 and xi_2 are in D_1. Then the different of the ...

The nth Monica set M_n is defined as the set of composite numbers x for which n|[S(x)-S_p(x)], where x = a_0+a_1(10^1)+...+a_d(10^d) (1) = p_1p_2...p_m, (2) and S(x) = ...

A multidimensional point process is a measurable function from a probability space (Omega,A,P) into (X,Sigma) where X is the set of all finite or countable subsets of R^d not ...

An n-digit number that is the sum of the nth powers of its digits is called an n-narcissistic number. It is also sometimes known as an Armstrong number, perfect digital ...