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A trochoid is the locus of a point at a distance b from the center of a circle of radius a rolling on a fixed line. A trochoid has parametric equations x = aphi-bsinphi (1) y ...

The vertex figure at a vertex V of a polygon is the line segment joining the midpoints of the two adjacent sides meeting at V. For a regular n-gon with side length a, the ...

A surface which can be interpreted as a self-intersecting rectangle in three dimensions. The Whitney umbrella is the only stable singularity of mappings from R^2 to R^3. It ...

Synthetic division is a shortcut method for dividing two polynomials which can be used in place of the standard long division algorithm. This method reduces the dividend and ...

If p is a prime number and a is a natural number, then a^p=a (mod p). (1) Furthermore, if pa (p does not divide a), then there exists some smallest exponent d such that ...

A convex polyomino (sometimes called a "convex polygon") is a polyomino whose perimeter is equal to that of its minimal bounding box (Bousquet-Mélou et al. 1999). ...

An automorphic graph is a distance-transitive graph Gamma for which the automorphism group Aut(Gamma) acts primitively on the vertices of Gamma and is not a complete graph or ...

A "beam detector" for a given curve C is defined as a curve (or set of curves) through which every line tangent to or intersecting C passes. The shortest 1-arc beam detector, ...

The subset B of the Euclidean plane formed by the union of the interval [0,1] of the x-axis and all line segments of unit length passing through the origin which form an ...

Cauchy's integral formula states that f(z_0)=1/(2pii)∮_gamma(f(z)dz)/(z-z_0), (1) where the integral is a contour integral along the contour gamma enclosing the point z_0. It ...