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The maximum leaf number l(G) of a graph G is the largest number of tree leaves in any of its spanning trees. (The corresponding smallest number of leaves is known as the ...

A McNugget number is a positive integer that can be obtained by adding together orders of McDonald's® Chicken McNuggetsTM (prior to consuming any), which originally came in ...

A problem is assigned to the NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) class if it is solvable in polynomial time by a nondeterministic Turing machine. A P-problem (whose ...

The doubly noncentral F-distribution describes the distribution (X/n_1)/(Y/n_2) for two independently distributed noncentral chi-squared variables X:chi_(n_1)^2(lambda_1) and ...

Noncommutative topology is a recent program having important and deep applications in several branches of mathematics and mathematical physics. Because every commutative ...

Let G be a simple graph with nonsingular (0,1) adjacency matrix A. If all the diagonal entries of the matrix inverse A^(-1) are zero and all the off-diagonal entries of ...

Given a sample of n variates X_1, ..., X_N, reorder them so that Y_1<Y_2<...<Y_N. Then Y_i is called the ith order statistic (Hogg and Craig 1970, p. 146), sometimes also ...

The notion of parallel transport on a manifold M makes precise the idea of translating a vector field V along a differentiable curve to attain a new vector field V^' which is ...

Define a pebbling move as a transer of two pebbles from one vertex of a graph edge to an adjacent vertex with one of the pebbles being removed in transit as a toll. The ...

A set of ascending sequences in a permutation is called a run (Graham et al. 1994) or sometimes a rise (Comtet 1974, p. 241). A sorted permutation consists of a single run, ...