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Pebbling Number


The pebbling number pi(G) of a nonempty finite connected graph G is the smallest nonnegative integer t such that every placement of t pebbles can supply one pebble to any specified graph vertex by a sequence of pebbling moves (Hurlbert 2011). A pebbling move removes two pebbles from one graph vertex, places one on an adjacent vertex, and discards the other. Deciding whether pi(G)<=k is NP-hard (Milans and Clark 2006).

This parameter belongs to graph pebbling. The splitting rule of chessboard pebbling defines a different puzzle.

The values of the pebbling number for various classes of graphs are given in the table below (Hurlbert).

The pebbling number satisfies a number of bounds. Let n=|G| be the vertex count, d(G) the graph diameter, and gamma(G) the domination number of a graph G.

Breadth lower bounds:

 pi(G)>=n
(1)

Cut lower bound (which G_x contained a cut vertex x):

 pi(G_x)>n
(2)

Depth lower bound:

 pi(G)>=2^d
(3)

Pigeonhole upper bound:

 pi(G)<=(n-1)(2^d-1)+1
(4)

Sharper bounds:

pi(G)<=(n-d)(2^d-1)+1
(5)
pi(G)<=(n+|_n-1/d_|-1)2^(d-1)-n+2
(6)
pi(G)<=(n+2gamma)2^(d-1)-gamma+1
(7)

(Hurlbert).

For a graph with d(G)=2,

 pi(G)<=n+1,
(8)

where n=|G| is the vertex count of G (Hurlbert 2011).


See also

2-Pebbling Property, Chessboard Pebbling, Graph Pebbling, Pebble Game, Pebbling Move, Scramble Number

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References

Chung, F. R. K. "Pebbling in Hypercubes." SIAM J. Disc. Math. 2, 467-472, 1989.Hurlbert, G. "A Linear Optimization Technique for Graph Pebbling." 28 Jan 2011. https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5641.Hurlbert, G. "General Graph Pebbling." Disc. Appl. Math. 161, 1221-1231, 2013.Hurlbert, G. "Graph Pebbling Numbers Page." https://glennhurlbert.github.io/pebbling/pnummain.html.Milans, K. and Clark, B. "The Complexity of Graph Pebbling." SIAM J. Disc. Math. 20, 769-798, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1137/050636218.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Pebbling Number

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Pebbling Number." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PebblingNumber.html

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