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The honeycomb toroidal graph HTG(m,2n,s) on 2nm vertices for m, n, and s positive integers satisfying n>1 and m+s is even is defined as the graph on vertex set u_(ij) for ...

The Kaprekar routine is an algorithm discovered in 1949 by D. R. Kaprekar for 4-digit numbers, but which can be generalized to k-digit numbers. To apply the Kaprekar routine ...

A kayak paddle graph KP(k,m,l) is the graph obtained by joining cycle graphs C_k and C_m by a path of length l (Gallian 2018). KP(3,3,1) is isomorphic to the 3-barbell graph. ...

The n-ladder graph can be defined as L_n=P_2 square P_n, where P_n is a path graph (Hosoya and Harary 1993; Noy and Ribó 2004, Fig. 1). It is therefore equivalent to the 2×n ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings in ...

The n-pan graph is the graph obtained by joining a cycle graph C_n to a singleton graph K_1 with a bridge. The n-pan graph is therefore isomorphic with the (n,1)-tadpole ...

A complete oriented graph (Skiena 1990, p. 175), i.e., a graph in which every pair of nodes is connected by a single uniquely directed edge. The first and second 3-node ...

The skeleton of a trapezohedron may be termed a trapezohedral graph. n-trapezohedral graphs are illustrated above for n=3 to 10 in circular embeddings with the two interior ...

Vince and Bóna (2012) define an assembly tree T for a connected simple graph G on n nodes as a binary rooted tree with n leavesTree Leaf and n-1 internal nodes and satisfying ...

What is the probability that a chord drawn at random on a circle of radius r (i.e., circle line picking) has length >=r (or sometimes greater than or equal to the side length ...