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The Gosper island (Mandelbrot 1977), also known as a flowsnake (Gardner 1989, p. 41), is a fractal that is a modification of the Koch snowflake. The term "Gosper island" was ...

A family of operators mapping each space M_k of modular forms onto itself. For a fixed integer k and any positive integer n, the Hecke operator T_n is defined on the set M_k ...

The invertible matrix theorem is a theorem in linear algebra which gives a series of equivalent conditions for an n×n square matrix A to have an inverse. In particular, A is ...

x_(n+1) = 2x_n (1) y_(n+1) = alphay_n+cos(4pix_n), (2) where x_n, y_n are computed mod 1 (Kaplan and Yorke 1979). The Kaplan-Yorke map with alpha=0.2 has correlation exponent ...

The most general form of this theorem states that in a commutative unit ring R, the height of every proper ideal I generated by n elements is at most n. Equality is attained ...

A fractal curve created from the base curve and motif illustrated above (Lauwerier 1991, p. 37). As illustrated above, the number of segments after the nth iteration is ...

The length of all composition series of a module M. According to the Jordan-Hölder theorem for modules, if M has any composition series, then all such series are equivalent. ...

A partially ordered set (or poset) is a set taken together with a partial order on it. Formally, a partially ordered set is defined as an ordered pair P=(X,<=), where X is ...

A projective space is a space that is invariant under the group G of all general linear homogeneous transformation in the space concerned, but not under all the ...

A real normed algebra, also called a composition algebra, is a multiplication * on R^n that respects the length of vectors, i.e., |x*y|=|x|*|y| for x,y in R^n. The only real ...