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A Gray code is an encoding of numbers so that adjacent numbers have a single digit differing by 1. The term Gray code is often used to refer to a "reflected" code, or more ...

The hyperbolic functions sinhz, coshz, tanhz, cschz, sechz, cothz (hyperbolic sine, hyperbolic cosine, hyperbolic tangent, hyperbolic cosecant, hyperbolic secant, and ...

The Penrose tiles are a pair of shapes that tile the plane only aperiodically (when the markings are constrained to match at borders). These two tiles, illustrated above, are ...

The Wigner 6j-symbols (Messiah 1962, p. 1062), commonly simply called the 6j-symbols, are a generalization of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and Wigner 3j-symbol that arise in ...

The area moment of inertia is a property of a two-dimensional plane shape which characterizes its deflection under loading. It is also known as the second moment of area or ...

There are a few plane curves known as "bean curves." The bean curve identified by Cundy and Rowllet (1989, p. 72) is the quartic curve given by the implicit equation ...

The subset B of the Euclidean plane formed by the union of the interval [0,1] of the x-axis and all line segments of unit length passing through the origin which form an ...

"Conext 21 polyhedron" is the name given here to the solid underlying the soccer ball of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games (held in 2021). It is implemented in the Wolfram ...

A function f(z) is said to be doubly periodic if it has two periods omega_1 and omega_2 whose ratio omega_2/omega_1 is not real. A doubly periodic function that is analytic ...

Let Delta denote an integral convex polytope of dimension n in a lattice M, and let l_Delta(k) denote the number of lattice points in Delta dilated by a factor of the integer ...