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Bean Curve


A bean curve is one of several plane curves known by that name.

BeanCurve

The bean curve identified by Cundy and Rowllet (1989, p. 72) is the quartic curve given by the implicit equation

 x^4+x^2y^2+y^4=ax(x^2+y^2).
(1)

Replacing the right-hand side ax(x^2+y^2) by a(x^3+y^3) gives the distinct quartic curve referred to here as the lima bean curve, which in its original orientation is symmetric about the line y=x rather than the x-axis.

It has horizontal tangents at (2/3a,+/-2/3a) and vertical tangents at (0,0) and (a,0). The area enclosed by the curve is given by

A=sqrt(2)a^2int_0^1sqrt(x(1-x+sqrt(1+(2-3x)x)))dx
(2)
=(7pia^2)/(12sqrt(3))
(3)
=1.058049...a^2
(4)

(OEIS A193505).

The geometric centroid (x^_,y^_) of the interior is given by

x^_=(23)/(42)a
(5)
y^_=0.
(6)

The area moment of inertia tensor of the interior is given by

I_(xx)=(113pi)/(1728sqrt(3))a^4
(7)
I_(xy)=0
(8)
I_(yy)=(23pi)/(108sqrt(3))a^4
(9)

(E. Weisstein, Feb. 3-5, 2018).

The perimeter admits an exact representation in terms of the seven-variable Lauricella function F_D^((7)). Let z_1, ..., z_5 be the roots of

 z^5-2z^4-5z^3+26z^2-27z+8=0,
(10)

and set w_+/-=e^(+/-ipi/3). Then

s=2aint_0^1sqrt(1+((1-2x+(1+3x-6x^2)/(sqrt(1+2x-3x^2)))^2)/(8x(1-x+sqrt(1+2x-3x^2))))dx
(11)
=piaF_D^((7))(1/2;-1/2,-1/2,-1/2,-1/2,-1/2,2,2;1;z_1,z_2,z_3,z_4,z_5,w_+,w_-)
(12)
=3.75021364515724...a
(13)

(OEIS A193506; E. Weisstein, Aug. 28, 2026). The defining series does not converge at these arguments, so F_D^((7)) is understood by analytic continuation through its Euler integral representation. The Euler integral independently reproduces the numerical value above.


See also

Bicuspid Curve, Lima Bean Curve

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References

Cundy, H. and Rollett, A. Mathematical Models, 3rd ed. Stradbroke, England: Tarquin Pub., p. 72, 1989.Sloane, N. J. A. Sequences A193505 and A193506 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."Wassenaar, J. "Mathematical Curves: Bean Curve (2)." https://www.2dcurves.com/quartic/quarticbn2.html.

Referenced on Wolfram|Alpha

Bean Curve

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Bean Curve." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/BeanCurve.html

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